English name: Gas to liquid base il Natural gas synthetic oil (GTL) new generation of basic oil -GTL basic oil market prospect analysis In the past 20 years, the world lubricant industry has undergone tremendous changes. New technologies and increasingly harsh product specifications drive the entire lubricant industry to carry out rounds of changes in rounds. The change of basic oil processing technology has naturally become an important factor in promoting the development of the lubricating oil industry. At present, the world-renowned petroleum petrochemical company is investing in a large amount of funds for research on natural gas synthetic oil (GTL) research, and the gradual commercialization of GTL technology preparation of basic oil technology will cause a new round of changes in the field of basic oil fields. Essence . Overview of GTL technology GTL technology is to transform natural gas into synthetic oil and then further transform into fuel and other hydrocarbons. In layman’s terms, first tore up natural gas molecules, and then re -forms long chain molecules. This process will prepare the synthesis of highly purity, sulfur -free, nitrogen -free, aromatics -free, and metal -free elements. The molecules are basically consisting of straight -chain alkanes and olefins. Then, the synthetic oil is further refined to produce fuel oil and chemicals that are friendly to environmental friendly, such as diesel, petroleum, paraffin and its special products. 1. GTL processing process and advantage gTL process includes the following two main steps: 1) converting natural gas into synthetic gas. Natural gas and oxygen oxidation reactions are prepared into synthetic gas. The ingredients of synthetic gas mainly include carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). The investment cost is high. 2) Transform synthetic gas into synthetic oil. This is the key step of GTL technology. Liquid hydrocarbon compound. The GTL processing process is shown in Figure 1. In the recent evaluation of “Oil and Gas Magazine” and the survey of various ** departments and petroleum companies, world natural gas residual proven reserves are more than 170 trillion cubic meters. Holded. GTL technology can provide consumers with alternatives of petroleum products, bring economic benefits to countries and regions with natural gas reserves. At the same time, it can also avoid being burned with natural gas resources during oil mining. Not only do the natural gas resources be fully used, but also protect the environment. The synthesis of hydrocarbons prepared by GTL technology is excellent. It can be mixed directly or mixed with fuel produced with low -quality crude oil to meet the requirements of increasingly harsh environmental protection and oil performance indicators. 2. Development of Feito (FT) synthesis The method of converting synthetic gas through the action of catalysts into liquid hydrocarbons was invented by German scientists FRANS FISCHER and Hans Tropsch in 1923, referred to as Feito (FT) synthesis Essence Fito Synthetic Technology first realized industrialization in Germany in 1932. By 1939, 9 FT devices in Germany had reached 12,000 barrels of products per day. After decades of ups and downs of the industrialization of Fervo Synthetic Technology, it began to enter a new development track in the 1990s. The continuous increase of the trend of oil resources and inferiority and the continuous increase in natural gas proven can make GTL the focus of attention to the attention of large oil companies. In 1993, shells were put into operation in the GTL factory device of Bintulu’s Bintulu in Malaysia; in 2002, BP was put into operation in the test device of Nikiski, Alaska, USA; in 2003, Confeli started the test device in Ponca city in Ponca City, Oklama, USA; in the same year In October, shell signed a contract in the company’s second GTL project in Qatar. In July 2004, ExxonMobil and Qatar signed a contract to invest $ 7 billion in Ras Laffan in northern Qatar to build the world’s largest GTL project and plan to start operation in 2011. . The change of basic oil processing technology 1. The development of crude oil processing and preparation of basic oil technology The process used. The traditional lubricant basic oil production process used to process API Ⅰ and its standards includes “solvent refinement”, “solvent dewaxing” and “white soil supplement refinement”. The main production process. This process usually uses methyltone/methane, methyltone/methylobaroblobloblobatone as a solvent. When the wax -based oil -containing oil -containing oil -containing oil -containing oil is cooled to -10 ～ -20 ℃, the wax in the solution will form crystals and sediment, and then assist in assisting it. Remove the paraffin in basic oils with evaporation, steam lifting, filtering, etc., to reduce the pouring point of the basic oil of lubricating oil, and at the same time obtains by -product -industrial paraffin raw materials. This production process is basically the main physical process and does not change the hydrocarbon structure. The quality of the basic oil of production depends on the content and properties of the ideal component in the raw materials. Because this refinement process cannot clear the impurities, the basic oil of production is high, and it is not suitable for use under cold conditions. Poor oxidation and other characteristics are easily excluded from the selection of high -end lubricating oil. In order to meet the higher requirements for lubricating oil for the new generation of automobile engines and high -performance equipment, the API II/III basic oil prepared by hydrogenation process has appeared in the past two or three decades, which greatly improved the lubricant products The performance of the use of oil refining the basic oil is extended, which is represented by catalytic dehydration (CDW) technology and heterogeneous dehydration (IDW) technology. Taking Chevron as an example, its heterogeneous dewaxing technology generally includes three -stage full hydrogenation process: hydrogenation treatment, heterogeneous dewax and hydrogen refining. Hydrogenation treatment of sulfur, nitrogen, metal and other impurities in the removal raw material, and then transforming the components of the low viscosity index into a high viscosity index and low -loading base oil through the transformation of hydrogen reflection dehydration. After hydrogenation treatment and heterogeneous dewaxing, the stability of the obtained dewaxing oil is often not ideal because it contains a small amount of thick rings aromatic hydrocarbons that contains residues. Normally pressure distillation and decompression distillation, further hydrogenation is cleared, so the distillation of the out -of -the –
English name: Gas to liquid base il Natural gas synthetic oil (GTL) new generation of basic oil -GTL basic oil market prospect analysis
In the past 20 years, the world lubricant industry has undergone tremendous changes. New technologies and increasingly harsh product specifications drive the entire lubricant industry to carry out rounds of changes in rounds. The change of basic oil processing technology has naturally become an important factor in promoting the development of the lubricating oil industry. At present, the world-renowned petroleum petrochemical company is investing in a large amount of funds for research on natural gas synthetic oil (GTL) research, and the gradual commercialization of GTL technology preparation of basic oil technology will cause a new round of changes in the field of basic oil fields. Essence
. Overview of GTL technology
GTL technology is to transform natural gas into synthetic oil and then further transform into fuel and other hydrocarbons. In layman’s terms, first tore up natural gas molecules, and then re -forms long chain molecules. This process will prepare the synthesis of highly purity, sulfur -free, nitrogen -free, aromatics -free, and metal -free elements. The molecules are basically consisting of straight -chain alkanes and olefins. Then, the synthetic oil is further refined to produce fuel oil and chemicals that are friendly to environmental friendly, such as diesel, petroleum, paraffin and its special products.
1. GTL processing process and advantage
gTL process includes the following two main steps: 1) converting natural gas into synthetic gas. Natural gas and oxygen oxidation reactions are prepared into synthetic gas. The ingredients of synthetic gas mainly include carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2). The investment cost is high. 2) Transform synthetic gas into synthetic oil. This is the key step of GTL technology. Liquid hydrocarbon compound. The GTL processing process is shown in Figure 1.
In the recent evaluation of “Oil and Gas Magazine” and the survey of various ** departments and petroleum companies, world natural gas residual proven reserves are more than 170 trillion cubic meters. Holded. GTL technology can provide consumers with alternatives of petroleum products, bring economic benefits to countries and regions with natural gas reserves. At the same time, it can also avoid being burned with natural gas resources during oil mining. Not only do the natural gas resources be fully used, but also protect the environment. The synthesis of hydrocarbons prepared by GTL technology is excellent. It can be mixed directly or mixed with fuel produced with low -quality crude oil to meet the requirements of increasingly harsh environmental protection and oil performance indicators.
2. Development of Feito (FT) synthesis
The method of converting synthetic gas through the action of catalysts into liquid hydrocarbons was invented by German scientists FRANS FISCHER and Hans Tropsch in 1923, referred to as Feito (FT) synthesis Essence Fito Synthetic Technology first realized industrialization in Germany in 1932. By 1939, 9 FT devices in Germany had reached 12,000 barrels of products per day. After decades of ups and downs of the industrialization of Fervo Synthetic Technology, it began to enter a new development track in the 1990s. The continuous increase of the trend of oil resources and inferiority and the continuous increase in natural gas proven can make GTL the focus of attention to the attention of large oil companies. In 1993, shells were put into operation in the GTL factory device of Bintulu’s Bintulu in Malaysia; in 2002, BP was put into operation in the test device of Nikiski, Alaska, USA; in 2003, Confeli started the test device in Ponca city in Ponca City, Oklama, USA; in the same year In October, shell signed a contract in the company’s second GTL project in Qatar. In July 2004, ExxonMobil and Qatar signed a contract to invest $ 7 billion in Ras Laffan in northern Qatar to build the world’s largest GTL project and plan to start operation in 2011.
. The change of basic oil processing technology
1. The development of crude oil processing and preparation of basic oil technology
The process used. The traditional lubricant basic oil production process used to process API Ⅰ and its standards includes “solvent refinement”, “solvent dewaxing” and “white soil supplement refinement”. The main production process. This process usually uses methyltone/methane, methyltone/methylobaroblobloblobatone as a solvent. When the wax -based oil -containing oil -containing oil -containing oil -containing oil is cooled to -10 ～ -20 ℃, the wax in the solution will form crystals and sediment, and then assist in assisting it. Remove the paraffin in basic oils with evaporation, steam lifting, filtering, etc., to reduce the pouring point of the basic oil of lubricating oil, and at the same time obtains by -product -industrial paraffin raw materials. This production process is basically the main physical process and does not change the hydrocarbon structure. The quality of the basic oil of production depends on the content and properties of the ideal component in the raw materials. Because this refinement process cannot clear the impurities, the basic oil of production is high, and it is not suitable for use under cold conditions. Poor oxidation and other characteristics are easily excluded from the selection of high -end lubricating oil.
In order to meet the higher requirements for lubricating oil for the new generation of automobile engines and high -performance equipment, the API II/III basic oil prepared by hydrogenation process has appeared in the past two or three decades, which greatly improved the lubricant products The performance of the use of oil refining the basic oil is extended, which is represented by catalytic dehydration (CDW) technology and heterogeneous dehydration (IDW) technology. Taking Chevron as an example, its heterogeneous dewaxing technology generally includes three -stage full hydrogenation process: hydrogenation treatment, heterogeneous dewax and hydrogen refining. Hydrogenation treatment of sulfur, nitrogen, metal and other impurities in the removal raw material, and then transforming the components of the low viscosity index into a high viscosity index and low -loading base oil through the transformation of hydrogen reflection dehydration. After hydrogenation treatment and heterogeneous dewaxing, the stability of the obtained dewaxing oil is often not ideal because it contains a small amount of thick rings aromatic hydrocarbons that contains residues. Normally pressure distillation and decompression distillation, further hydrogenation is cleared, so the distillation of the out -of -the –